Celebrate the Holidays with your Ancestors

December 2, 2025 Leave a comment

With the holidays approaching, now is the best time to collect stories about your ancestors, collected from what you hear at family gatherings.

I lived with my grandparents when I was a child. Later in my life, I began my genealogy research to learn more about their lives and preserve their memories. I found many details and read accounts of life in Poland that could describe their childhood. After seeing these stories, I added saving my discoveries for my children and grandchildren to my goals. I decided to write a Family History containing the stories, photos, maps, and documents that would bring my ancestors back to life. I envision my family history as a significantly enhanced scrapbook, focusing on the narratives that explain their lives.

I began my research by gathering family photos, papers, and oral histories, and then expanded to census, naturalization, passenger, and marriage records. These records led me to identify their birthplace and to find additional documents in Poland.

I found accounts that described Polish life in the places where my ancestors lived. I also found vintage photos of the town, the church, and the homes. My research led to previously unknown Polish relatives who shared photos and stories, filling in more details.

As I compiled my family history, these steps started to bring my grandparents and their ancestors back to life. This process did not happen quickly or with one significant revelation. Instead, the vision of my ancestors came together, piece by piece, over many years. Eventually, I felt my ancestors looking over my shoulder as I edited their story.

Learn to ask questions even if the person is no longer available to answer. An example is their immigration story, which is an essential step in honoring our heritage. Envisioning the challenges our immigrant ancestors faced on their journey to America is a critical aspect that raises many questions. Identify the port they left from and the ship’s size. Describe the immigrants listed on the ship’s passenger manifest. How did your ancestors interact with them? How was life on board the ship? What was their destination? How long was the voyage? Link the information in the documents and find the stories.

Try to describe why they left their homes. It was not easy to emigrate. Leaving home was a very emotional decision. Those who left saw emigration as their only chance to escape a bleak life or to solve problems, such as owning land or finding a husband. Not only were they leaving their family and friends, but also their beloved homeland. Some may have been excited about emigrating, but there was also fear of the unknown. Most left home with tears in their eyes.

Try to describe their lives in America. Look through old pictures in family albums and also history books of the local area and neighborhoods. Pictures of their homes, neighborhood, and their church are vital.

Next, identify where they worked because this would have been a significant part of their lives. Finally, look at their overall experience in America. How did they enjoy their new life? Did they do anything outside of work? Identify their neighbors from census records. Did they have a hobby? Were they active in a fraternal group? Did you find pictures of family gatherings? How was their life here better than what they would have had in Poland?

We will not find answers to most of these questions. However, asking the questions and doing the research will give us a sense of what our ancestors may have experienced and help us better understand their character and our Polish Heritage.

Do not minimize the lives of our ancestors. Our immigrant ancestors were heroes, and they are the foundation of our roots in the United States. Do not underestimate their contributions. Their names will not appear in history books, but their efforts impacted American history, and without their sacrifices, our country would not have developed as it did. Their lives were the building blocks of their new country, and their immigration influenced the quality of life in the United States today. Remember that they made many sacrifices for you and helped build the United States.

Be patient. Keep asking questions and looking for records and stories. Then, please write down the stories and organize them into family histories.

Save the stories for your future generations.

Have fun, and enjoy your Heritage.

Filed under Culture and customs, Polish genealogy, Writing Family History

Our Polish Heritage: Ask Questions and Save the Stories

September 6, 2025 1 Comment

October is a terrific time for us to celebrate our Polish heritage, and the story of our immigrant ancestors is the foundation of that Heritage.

I lived with my Polish grandparents when I was a child, and later in life, I began my genealogy research because I wanted to learn more about their lives and save the memories. I found many details and read accounts of life in Poland. After finding these stories, I added saving my discoveries for my children and grandchildren to my goals. I decided to write a Family History containing the stories, photos, maps, and documents that would bring my Polish ancestors back to life. I envision my family history as a significantly enhanced scrapbook, focusing on the narratives that explain their lives.

I began my research by gathering family photos, papers, and oral histories, and then expanded to census, naturalization, passenger, and marriage records. These records led me to identify their birthplace and more documents in Poland.

I found accounts that described Polish life in the places where my ancestors lived. I also found vintage pictures of the town, church, and homes. My research led to previously unknown Polish relatives who shared photos and stories, filling in more details.

As I compiled my family history, these steps started to bring my grandparents and their ancestors back to life. This process did not happen quickly or with one significant revelation. Instead, the vision of my ancestors came together one piece at a time and over many years. Eventually, I felt my ancestors looking over my shoulder as I edited their story.

Learn to ask questions even if the person is no longer available to answer. An example is their immigration story, which is an essential step in honoring our Polish Heritage. Envisioning the challenges that our Polish immigrants faced on their journey to America is a critical aspect and brings up many questions. Identify the port they left and the size of the ship. Describe the Polish immigrants listed on the ship’s passenger manifest. How did your ancestors interact with them? How was life on board the ship? What was their destination? How long was the voyage? Link the information in the documents and find the stories.

Try to describe why they left Poland. It was not easy to emigrate. Leaving home was a very emotional decision. Those who left saw emigration as their only chance to escape a bleak life in Poland. Not only were they leaving their family and friends, but the emigrants were leaving their beloved homeland. Some may have been excited about emigrating, but there was also fear of the unknown. Most left home with tears in their eyes.

Try to describe their lives in America. Look through old pictures in family albums and also history books of the local area and neighborhoods. Pictures of their homes, neighborhood, and their church are vital.

Next, identify where they worked because this would have been a significant part of their lives. Finally, look at their overall experience in America. How did they enjoy their new life? Did they do anything outside of work? Identify their neighbors from census records. Did they have a hobby? Were they active in a fraternal group? Did you find pictures of family gatherings? How was their life here better than what they would have had in Poland?

We will not find answers to most of these questions. However, asking the questions and doing the research will give us a perspective of what our ancestors may have experienced and better understand their character and our Polish Heritage.

Do not minimize the lives of our ancestors. Our immigrant ancestors were heroes, and they are the foundation of our roots in the United States. Do not underestimate their contributions. Their names will not appear in history books, but their efforts impacted American history, and without their sacrifices, our country would not have developed as it did. Their lives were the building blocks in the growth of their new country, and their immigration influenced the quality of our lives today in the United States. Remember that they made many sacrifices for you and helped build the United States.

Be patient. Keep asking questions and looking for records and stories. Then, please write down the stories and organize them into family histories.

Save the stories for your future generations

Have fun, and enjoy your Polish Heritage.

Filed under Culture and customs, Polish genealogy, Writing Family History Tagged with , , , ,

Translating Polish Records

March 4, 2024 Leave a comment

Hooray! You may have some Polish records of your ancestors; however, you now face a new set of challenges:

  • The records are not in English. They are written in German, Polish, Latin, or Russian.
  • They are handwritten using German Script and are hard to read.
  • Name variations are confusing, so you do not recognize your ancestors in the registers.
  • They are in the narrative format, which magnifies the difficulty of handwriting and language.

Don’t be discouraged. Be patient! Overcoming these problems is possible.

Language

My mind initially froze when I saw my first record in a foreign language. In the past, I consistently failed when trying to learn a foreign language. However, after the first document, I learned to work through my lack of language skills and find my ancestors in the records.

My translating toolbox includes the following:

  • Genealogical Word Lists for keywords
  • Online translator apps for words not in word lists
  • People Translators for complex documents

The wordlists and online apps will not give me a complete translation but will get me close.

Genealogical Word Lists

Most modern translation tools, such as dictionaries and online apps, will not accurately translate genealogical records because languages have changed. Many terms have fallen out of use. Luckily, genealogists have compiled word lists or glossaries of genealogical terms to overcome these changes. A few online apps also include older terms and definitions. These lists help overcome some of the problems of lack of language skills.

As I browse online digital images of the records, I usually have a list of keywords such as dates, occupations, and relationships available to help me select images pertaining to my ancestors. First, I verified the name on the document and then used the word list to decipher the date and other keywords to confirm details.

I recommend the online source for word lists in FamilySearch’s “Wiki” pages. Other online sources exist, but FamilySearch includes more words and is easy to access and use. Exceptions to this recommendation are the specialty lists compiled for occupations, sickness, and causes of death.

FamilySearch’s word lists will include the terms in the native language (German, Polish, Latin, or Russian) arranged alphabetically, with English equivalents following the terms. In addition, the general section of the list includes terms commonly found in genealogical documents.  These glossaries of terms list the numbers, months, and days of the week in the general list and separate sections before the general list.

You can find genealogical word lists on the FamilySearch.org Wiki pages by typing “word lists” into the wiki search box and pressing “enter.” Then, select the correct language from the resulting list.

More Books

Here are a few books that also give a glossary of genealogical terms and translation aids.

In Their Words: German, Polish, Latin, and Russian – A Genealogist’s Translation Guide by William F. Hoffman and Jonathan D. Shea – There are four books in the series with a version for Polish, Latin, Russian, and German. The book offers another excellent resource for a word glossary of genealogical terms used in older documents. The books are available on Amazon.com and the Polish Genealogical Society of America’s online bookstore, PGSA.org.

A translation guide to 19th-century Polish-language civil-registration documents: including birth, marriage, and death records by Judith R. Frazin – This book is a great tool when deciphering the Polish narrative records in the Russian Partition. Each type of record has a standard format to record the information, and the author breaks down each section into phrases. As a result, her book offers translations of most of the phrases you will encounter in the narrative records.

Online apps such as Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) and Poltran (http://www.poltran.com) do a reasonable job of getting to the meaning of the sentence or giving a quick meaning to the passage. However, it is not perfect.

Reading Old Script

The information in the Polish records will be handwritten using Old German gothic handwriting. The formation of the letters is very different from the handwriting you recognize in today’s writing. An example are the letters f, h, j, s, and t, which differ only by the location of the loop or no loop. Download a chart from FamilySearch’s wiki pages comparing the letters of Roman Type and Old German Type and the letters of Old German Script and become familiar with their differences. Also, exchange similar letters when trying to decipher difficult words.

It is crucial you attempt to decipher as much of the record as you can. Your efforts will improve your comfort zone with Polish records, produce better research, and reduce the number of false family records analyzed.

Using Translators

The above books and word lists can partially translate most columnar formatted documents and many words in narrative records. However, some documents, such as narratives describing complicated marriage or death records, may have important family information and should be translated by someone knowledgeable in the appropriate language. In these situations, I request translations from someone familiar with the language who can give me the complete translation.

Before committing to any translator, ask questions about their experience and use recommendations from other genealogists. You also need to discuss the method of payment with your translator. It is essential if they are in Europe because transferring funds overseas may include costly fees. I have used PayPal and Western Union in the past.

One source I recently found for translating records is the Facebook Group, Genealogical Translations. Once you join the group, you can post one document daily for someone to translate. You will usually receive a translation within 48 hours. This service is free and performed by group members, so be respectful.

Here are two more resources where you can find a Polish translator:

Final comments on translating Polish records

  1. Try to decipher as much of the record as you can
  2. Learn to read Old German Script and recognize how the letters differ from today’s writing.
  3. Use genealogical word lists to translate your records partially.
  4. Ask for help if you find a problematic passage or phase.
  5. Translate as much to the records as possible because even small comments can enrich your family history when combined with facts from other documents.

Filed under Genealogy Research, Polish genealogy

New Book Announcement- Polish Genealogy: Finding the Polish Records

February 1, 2023 Leave a comment

I have published a revision to my Polish Genealogy book. It has a new cover and title – Polish Genealogy: Finding the Polish Records. But more importantly, I hope I have updated the content to cover the changes in Polish research over the past ten years. 

The new book explains a six-step process to find your Polish records and includes many screen prints describing how to use the various online resources.

1. Identify their original Polish name

2. Find their approximate birth year

3. Find town names for clues

4. Find possible Polish locations on maps

5. Find the Polish records

6. Translate the Polish records

The print edition is available at Amazon.com, PGSA.org, and the Polish Art Center. The eBook version is available at Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Apple, Google, Kobo, and most online stores.

Filed under Polish genealogy

Saving our Christmas Traditions

December 8, 2022 Leave a comment

The Christmas season is approaching, and it is a vital time of celebration for my Polish family. Celebrating holidays and special events gave my ancestors an overall rhythm to their lives during the year, and most immigrants tried to continue this in their new homes. So Christmas was a special time for them, setting the tone for the start of the year.

It is a magical season and an excellent time for most families to get together. The season helps people forget the cold dark realities of winter. Many seem to transport their minds to a better place by enjoying the festive celebrations surrounding Christmas activities. It can also be an exciting time to add to Family History research. Memories of these traditions and celebrations can be vital to your family history.

Have you been saving memories of your Christmas gatherings? Now is a great time to start if you haven’t been writing them down and capturing them in photos. Remember, photos give us a visual perception, and words can highlight the details. So capture them now while your memories are still sharp. The details help bring your ancestors back to life.

As a start, here are some questions I ask: Did your grandparents describe their Christmas celebrations in Poland? Did your family gather on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day? What dishes did they serve? What was the filling in your pierogi? Did you have a cucumber salad? What was the soup – mushroom or chicken? How did they prepare the potatoes? Was ham on your grandmother’s table, or did she serve the more traditional fish recipe? What were the desserts?

Did someone save the recipes? Are they still using them today?

I loved all the dishes my grandma served, but the sauerkraut pierogi and poppy seed cake were my favorites. Grandma’s pierogis were perfect. They were still hot when they got to the table, and I always started eating them first after daubing them with sour cream. All of the other food was delicious, but I was still careful to leave room for the poppy seed cake. Grandma’s cake was moist, sweet, and the perfect end to the feast.

Your Christmas memories are a magical portion of your family history. So keep honoring your Polish ancestors by celebrating their Christmas traditions, and remember to enjoy the spirit of Christmas every day. Their lives are major building blocks for our roots in America.

Capture them and share the pages and photos from past Christmas days with your brothers, sisters, and cousins, and more stories will flow. Save your memories in a written family history so your family can know their ancestors better. Those words will be an extraordinary gift to your grandchildren and great-grandchildren when they read your family history.

Wesołych Świąt

Merry Christmas

Filed under Culture and customs, Polish genealogy

Saving Our Polish Heritage for Our Grandchildren

October 4, 2022 Leave a comment

Now is a time for us to celebrate our Polish heritage, and the story of our immigrant ancestors is the foundation of that Heritage.

I spent much of my early life with my Polish grandparents, and my genealogy research began because I wanted to learn more about their lives in Poland. The success of my early research shifted my goal to saving my discoveries for my children and grandchildren. I decided that I could best do this by compiling a written Family History that is a narrative and contains stories, photos, maps, and documents. I envision my family histories as greatly enhanced scrapbooks focusing on the narratives that explain the images, maps, and documents. I also describe my family histories as collections of summaries of individual ancestors that I have organized into one large document.

I started my research by collecting family photos, family papers, and oral history and quickly moved on to census, naturalization, passenger, and marriage records. These records led me to identify their birthplace and more documents for my Polish ancestors.

I found accounts that described Polish life in the places where they lived. I also found vintage pictures of the town, church, and homes. Polish relatives also gave me copies of the family members who stayed. I included all of this information in my family histories as it was related to my ancestors.

As I compiled my family history, these steps started to bring my grandparents and their ancestors back to life. Note that this process did not happen quickly or with one significant revelation. Instead, the vision of my ancestors came together one piece at a time and over many years.

Capturing the immigration story is an essential step in honoring our Polish Heritage. Envisioning the challenges that our Polish immigrants faced on their journey to America is another critical aspect. Identify the port they left and the size of the ship. Review the passenger manifest. How was life on board the ship? What was their destination? Link the information in the documents and find the stories.

It was not easy to immigrate to America. Leaving home was a very emotional decision. Those who left saw immigration as their only chance to escape the poverty of their life in Poland. Not only were they leaving their family and friends, but the emigrants were leaving their beloved homeland. Some may have been excited about emigrating, but there was also fear of the unknown — most left home with tears in their eyes.

Try to describe their lives in America. Look through old pictures in family albums and also history books of the local area and neighborhoods. Pictures of their homes, neighborhood, and their church are vital. Next, identify where they worked because this would have been a significant part of their lives. Finally, look at their overall experience in America. How did they enjoy their new life? Did they do anything outside of work? Did they have a hobby? Were they active in a fraternal group? Did you find pictures of family gatherings? How was their life here better than what they would have had in Poland?

We will not find answers to most of these questions. However, asking the questions and doing the research will give us a perspective of what our ancestors may have experienced and better understand their character and our Polish Heritage.

Our immigrant ancestors were heroes, and they are the foundation of our roots in the United States. Do not underestimate their contributions. They may have left us some material wealth, but their most significant contribution is their role in the factories and farms of the United States. Their names will not appear in history books, but their efforts impacted American history, and without their sacrifices, our country would not have developed as it did. Their lives were the building blocks in the growth of their new country, and their immigration influenced the quality of our lives today in the United States. Remember that they made many sacrifices for you and helped build the United States.

Be patient. Keep asking questions and looking for records and stories. Then, write down the stories and organize them in family histories.

Save the stories for your future generations

Have fun, and enjoy your Polish Heritage.

Filed under Polish genealogy, Uncategorized, Writing Family History

The Importance of  Polish Immigration Story to Polish Research

August 3, 2022 Leave a comment

Taking your first step in finding Polish records can be very challenging. At the beginning of my research, I found it essential to review the history of Polish immigration to America: when, why, where, and how. Understanding this aspect of Polish history was critical to my success because knowing the immigration story helped me find the seemingly hidden records for my Polish ancestors.

Poles in America

The first Poles arrived in America at Jamestown in October 1608. They were among the craftsmen the Virginia Company hired to produce materials such as export glassware and make tar and resin needed to repair arriving ships. In addition, our history books mention Polish military leaders Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko and banker Haym Saloman having crucial roles in the American Revolution. Finally, although I have not found any reference of other Poles in Colonial America, there were probably small numbers of Polish workers, intellectuals, and sons of noblemen who immigrated.

The first significant events that affected Polish emigration were the three partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1795 when Prussia, Russia, and Austria carved up Poland, and it disappeared from world maps. However, few Poles fled  Poland after the partitions, and generally, the refugees who could afford to leave went to European countries. The farmers, who made up the large waves of later Polish emigration, could not leave because the nobles would not allow it. However, pressure to leave grew as the new rulers of Polish partitions did not treat their Polish subjects as full citizens and gradually enacted policies that had significant adverse effects. Accordingly, their policies helped build the Polish national unity that we see today.

The first wave of Polish emigration began in the 1850s when Poles left Silesia to settle in Texas, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Their documented histories listed that they left due to the harsh poverty, high taxes, military conscription, and social discrimination at the hands of their Prussian rulers. Poles also began emigrating from other Prussian areas in the late 1860s after the German Empire enacted the Kulturkampf Laws meant to eliminate the Polish culture in Prussian-controlled lands. The laws banned the Polish language from schools and newspapers. In addition, traditional Polish songs and dances were forbidden. In 1886, the Prussian Colonization Policy forced Poles to sell their lands to Germans recruited to re-settle in these new “German” lands. Polish farmers were now day laborers and could not find steady work. Emigration was the only solution to their growing poverty. Records show that over 400,000 Poles left between 1869 to 1899 from German-controlled Poland. Passenger lists indicate most left in family groups.

Polish emigration in the Russian and Austrian partitions began in earnest in the 1880s and generally affected the younger generation because of a lack of jobs. Investors did not build factories in the Polish partitions because they had seen the past uprisings by the Polish people and had fears of future turmoil. Farms could not be sub-divided when the father died. Only the oldest son inherited the land. Owning land became the key to economic stability. Without jobs or land, the younger sons had to leave. Also, fathers had to find the “right husband” for their daughters, someone with the prospect of inheriting the family farm. The other alternative was sending them to relatives in America to find work or a husband. Passenger manifests indicate that most Polish emigrants from the Russian and Austrian partitions were single men and women. This mixture differed from the family groups leaving the German partition.

With the lack of opportunities in rural Poland, and growing unemployment in the cities, emigrating to the United States became an attractive alternative. Letters from earlier immigrants and advertisements circulated by the shipping companies further fueled thoughts about leaving.

Once in America, Polish men worked in the mills and factories that were driving America’s economic growth in cities and areas such as Chicago, Buffalo, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Milwaukee, and New England. They worked at the hardest jobs that nobody else wanted. Single Polish women also worked in the factories or as servants until they found a husband. Also, some Poles were able to buy farms in America.

Many emigrants left Poland to earn money in America and then returned home to buy Polish farmland. As a result, almost a third of the Polish immigrants returned home after a few years in America. Nevertheless, the majority of the Poles found it hard to abandon their new home once they saw how much better their life was staying in America. These are the immigrants who are our ancestors.

Learn your ancestor’s immigration story. Identify their challenges. Write and preserve their family stories to honor your Polish heritage for future generations.

Filed under Polish genealogy, Uncategorized, Writing Family History

Enjoying my Polish Christmas Feast and Staying Safe

December 6, 2021 Leave a comment

Wesołych Świąt

Many of my ancestors are Polish and celebrating holidays are essential to the lives of Polish families. They used the calendar of holidays to set the rhythm for activities during the year. Christmas was a favorite because it seemed to be a magical time. The festive activities surrounding Christmas helped brighten the atmosphere from the dark days of the winter. Family, relatives, friends, neighbors, and strangers seem to become kind, friendly, and generous.

This year with the threat of Covid-19 still looming around us, our holiday celebrations may seem even more critical to our lives as we pray to return to normal activities. Will the magical feeling we get from celebrating Christmas with our family make this return to normalcy possible? Or will family gatherings bring unwanted results? Vaccination minimizes but does not prevent the spread of Covid. We need to have a balance between celebrating with our families and practicing safe contact. How can we carry on the traditions of our Polish ancestors and still stay safe?

Decorating the house inside and out can quickly and safely get the family into the Christmas Spirit. The decorations can give our family the warm, welcoming feeling of Christmas as soon as they drive up to our home. However, inside the house, the risk of transmitting Covid-19 increases, and we should take steps to minimize this risk.

Here are my common-sense suggestions:

  1. Do not travel long distances to attend the family party. Everyone needs to stay close to home – different states and different counties follow different rules and cause confusion.
  2. Schedule your family gathering at a large enough house to maximize social distancing in the sitting areas. Do not congregate in one room such as the kitchen.
  3. Add tables to increase elbow room at the tables when eating
  4. Deliver food, beverages, and presents a few days before the gathering. Avoid last-minute shopping.
  5. Minimize who handles food, dishes, and utensils
  6. Minimize who handles Christmas presents
  7. Before the party, ask family members if they have Covid-19 symptoms and vaccination status. The non-vaccinated and those who have symptoms should stay home
  8. Ask family members who have attended holiday parties at work or with friends at bars or restaurants to wear masks or stay home
  9. Have masks available for all family members to wear if they need to.
  10. Have hand sanitizer dispensers available at multiple places at the party and encourage their use
  11. Inform family members about these practices in writing before the party

These may seem like extreme measures, but they will minimize the risk of transmission of the virus at your party. I feel they are needed because I would be devastated if a family member became infected with the virus at my family celebration.

Even with the above practices, you can still enjoy the festivities. Focus on enjoying a traditional Christmas meal with all the favorite foods from past Christmas meals. What will you serve? I have memories of cheese, sauerkraut pierogi, fish, ham, mushroom soup with noodles, herring, boiled potatoes, dumplings with plums and poppy seeds, stewed prunes with lemon peel, and a fruit and poppy seed cake. Today, our feast includes kiełbasa, sauerkraut, red cabbage, cucumber sour cream salad, pierogi, and a poppy seed cake. This menu has far fewer items than a traditional Polish Christmas table but still satisfies our appetites and produces leftovers. It includes traditional Polish foods and tries to honor the memories of our ancestors.

Bring out the family photo albums and scrapbooks. Try to create an atmosphere that encourages everyone to remember family stories. If there are small children, read Christmas stories to them. Sing a few Christmas carols to bring the group together. Take pictures and write down the family stories.

Best wishes, and I hope you follow many of my suggestions. Have fun but stay safe.

Filed under Polish genealogy, Writing Family History

Helpful Books in Polish Research

October 18, 2021 Leave a comment

The Christmas season will quickly be upon us, and here are some gift ideas for your family genealogist or your Christmas wish list to pass along. I am sure they will find these books very useful in Polish genealogy and make great Christmas gifts. All are available online from various sources. First, check availability at the book stores for the Polish American Journal (http://www.polamjournal.com/bookstore.html) and the Polish Genealogy Society (https://pgsa.org/product-category/books/). Another source is the Polish Art Center (https://www.polartcenter.com/).

Research and Translation

  • Polish Genealogy: Four steps to success by Stephen Szabados (2013) – The book outlines a simple process that will help identify where your ancestors were born and where to find their Polish records.
  • In Their Words: a genealogist’s translation guide to Polish, German, Latin, and Russian documents (4 books (2003, 2007, 2013, 2017) – each covers a different language) by Jonathan D. Shea and William F. Hoffman – Four separate books covering the languages found in Polish records. The books discuss documents and extracts from American and European sources, analyzed and translated
  • Going Home – A Guide to Polish American Family Research by Jonathan D. Shea (2008) – Another great guide discussing where to find U’S’ and Polish records for your ancestors.
  • Sto Lat: A Modern Guide to Polish Genealogy by Cecile Wendt Jensen (2010) – This is a workbook that offers a plan for researching based on the techniques developed by the author over thirty years of research and teaching.
  • A Guide to Chicago and Midwestern Polish-American Genealogy by Jason Kruski (2018) – Learn to access the Chicago and Midwestern records relayed to your Polish ancestors using both paper records or the wealth of information available on websites.
  • The Family Tree Polish, Czech and Slovak Genealogy Guide: How to Trace Your Family Tree in Eastern Europe by Lisa Alzo (2016) – This is an in-depth guide that will walk you through a step-by-step process of finding your Polish, Czech, or Slovak roots.
  • Polish Roots. Second Edition 2nd Edition by Rosemary a. Chorzempa (2014)
  • The Study of Obituaries as A Source for Polish Genealogical Research by Thomas E Golembiewski (2009) – This book provides information on deciphering and using Polish language obituaries.
  • Haller’s Polish Army in France by Paul S Valasek (2006) – An excellent reference for information if your ancestor was part of the Polish Army in France, aka Haller’s Army, aka the Blue Army.
  • Slownik Geograficzny by Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski and others, Warsaw, multiple volumes published between 1880 and 1902 – available on DVD from Polish Genealogical Society of America (PGSA.org)
  • A translation guide to 19th-century Polish-language civil registration documents: including birth, marriage, and death records by Judith R. Frazin. Great translation guide for Polish records found in the Russian Partition.
  • First Names of the Polish Commonwealth: Origins & Meanings by William F. Hoffman and George Wiesław Helon (1998) – This is an excellent reference to decipher the correct first name for your ancestors.
  • Polish surnames: origins and meanings by William F. Hoffman (2012) – must have reference to determine the proper Polish surname for ancestors.

Books on History, Culture, and Customs

  • Polish Immigration to America by Stephen Szabados (2016) – This book gives excellent insights into the emigration and arrival in America. A must-read for the family historian.
  • Daily Life in Immigrant America 1820-1870 by James M. Bergquist(2019)  – This book will give us great insights into the lives of our ancestors who arrived in the 1800s.
  • Daily Life in Immigrant America 1870-1920 by June Granatir Alexander (2009) – This book will give us great insights into the lives of our ancestors who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
  • Jadwiga’s Crossing: A Story of the Great Migration by Aloysius A. Lutz, Richard J. Lutz (2006) – Must read to gain insights to challenges to crossing the Atlantic on sailing ship in the 1800s. It will change your perspective of your ancestors.
  • God’s Playground: A History of Poland: In Two Volumes by Norman Davies (2005) – Best and most accurate Polish history book.
  •  by Sophie Hodorowicz Knab (1996) – Must have to learn more about your Polish heritage.
  • Creating Kashubia, History, Memory, and Identity in Canada’s First Polish Community by Joshua C. Blank (2016) –
  • Polish Immigrants and Industrial Chicago: Workers on The South Side, 1880-1922 (1991) by Dominic A Pacyga – Great reference with many stories of Polish life in Chicago.
  • Chicago’s Southeast Side by Ron Sellers and Dominic  A. Pacyga (2001) – Great details of life in the southside Polish neighborhoods.
  • Chicago’s Polish Downtown (Images of America) by Victoria Granacki (2004) – Book contains many pictures detailing Polish life in Chicago.
  • Forgotten Doors, The Other Ports of Entry to the United States edited by M. Mark Stolarik (1988) – Not all immigrants arrived through New York. This book covers the history and describes coming through the other major U.S. ports.

Wesołych Świąt

Filed under Culture and customs, Genealogy Research, Polish genealogy, Writing Family History

October is Polish Heritage Month

October 5, 2021 Leave a comment

Polish workers were among the craftsmen who English agents recruited to produce materials needed to build the Jamestown and to manufacture tar and resins needed to repair the ships. The Polish workman also setup the first glass works in America. Your Polish ancestors may not be in history books but their labor helped build America.

When did your Polish ancestors immigrate? Why did they leave their homes? If you do not know, explore some possible reasons. Do not assume that the cause was economic or to avoid the military draft. Did other siblings immigrate? Did their parents immigrate? What was the status or occupation of your ancestors in Poland?  Multiple factors forced the migrations from Poland, and your immigrant may have been affected by more than one element. Remember that each immigrant has a unique story, and it is part of our Polish heritage. We need to search the records and write down our oral history to save it for our future generations.

My Polish grandparents came from neighboring parishes, but different circumstances caused their immigration. My grandfather, Stefan, had ancestors who were nobility, but his family worked their farmland because their farm was very small. It could barely support their family. My grandfather, a brother, and a sister had to leave home to find a better life. My grandmother, Anna, came from the same area as Stefan and also had ancestors who were nobles. Her family farm was also very small and could only support one family. However, her life in Poland and the immigration story is different from Stefan. She and two older brothers were the only members to survive World War I. However, Anna had to find a husband, but her brother could find one for her in Poland. She was sent to her brother in America to find her husband.

It was not easy to immigrate to America. Leaving home was a very emotional decision. Those who left saw immigration as their only chance to escape the poverty of their life in Poland. Not only were they leaving their family and friends, but the emigrants were leaving their beloved homeland behind. Some may have been excited about emigrating, but there was also fear of the unknown — most left home with tears in their eyes.

They were mostly farmers who were forced to leave Poland. If they were married, they left to find food for their children. If they were single, they left to find work because there was an excess of farm labor and no room for them on the family farm.

After the immigrants arrived in America, they felt joy and relief as they walked past the gate into the United States. However, their journey was not over. They were tired and probably hungry from their trip. They were thrilled and bewildered by what they saw of their new land.

Try to describe their lives in America. Look through old pictures in family albums and also history books of the local area and neighborhoods. Pictures of their homes, neighborhood, and their church are vital. Identify where they worked because this would have been a significant part of their lives. Look at their overall experience in America. How did they enjoy their new life? Did they do anything outside of work? Did they have a hobby? Were they active in a fraternal group? Did you find pictures of family gatherings? How was their life here better than what they would have had in Poland?

You will not find answers to most of these questions. However, asking the questions and doing the research will give you a perspective of what your ancestors experienced and give you a better understanding of their character and your Polish Heritage.

Our immigrant ancestors were heroes, and they are the foundation of our roots in the United States. Our lives would be much different if they did not endure the challenges of emigration from Poland. Do not underestimate their contributions. They may have left us some material wealth, but their most significant contribution is their role in the factories and farms of the United States. Their names will not appear in history books, but their efforts impacted American history, and without their sacrifices, our country would not have developed as it did. Their lives were the building blocks in the growth of their new country, and their immigration influenced the quality of our lives today in the United States. Remember that they made many sacrifices for you and helped build the United States.

Save the stories for your future generations

Have fun, and enjoy your Polish Heritage.

Filed under Culture and customs, Genealogy Research, Polish genealogy, Writing Family History

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